Résultats de la recherche

1. Library Resource

   

   High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change

   Publication évaluée par des pairs

   novembre, 2013

   Global

   Restauration des paysages forestiers

   foresterie

   déboisement

   terrain forestier

   ressource naturelle

   Quantification of global forest change has been lacking despite the recognized importance of forest ecosystem services. In this study, Earth observation satellite data were used to map global forest loss (2.3 million square kilometers) and gain (0.8 million square kilometers) from 2000 to 2012 at a spatial resolution of 30 meters. The tropics were the only climate domain to exhibit a trend, with forest loss increasing by 2101 square kilometers per year.

2. Library Resource

   

   Negotiating Access to Land in Nepal

   Publication évaluée par des pairs

   décembre, 2013

   Népal

   développement

   développement rural

   structure agraire

   politique foncière

   zone rurale

   agriculture

   accès à la terre

   droit d'usage

   In a rural agrarian economy like that of Nepal, land has traditionally been a primary source of livelihood and security, as well as a symbol of status. Thousands of poor farmers are completely dependent on land for their livelihoods, yet not all of them have access to or control over this fundamental resource. Negotiation for access to land has been a lengthy and complicated process. It remains so in the changed political context of Nepal, where increasing numbers of emerging actors need to be considered, often with conflicting claims and counterclaims.

3. Library Resource

   

   Islamic Law, Women's Rights, and Popular Legal Consciousness in Malaysia

   Publication évaluée par des pairs

   février, 2013

   Malaisie

   Terre et genre

   equité entre les sexes

   loi foncière

   état de droit

   loi islamique

   droit foncier

   régime foncier religieux

   femme

   Drawing on original survey research, this study examines how lay Muslims in Malaysia understand foundational concepts in Islamic law. The survey finds a substantial disjuncture between popular legal consciousness and core epistemological commitments in Islamic legal theory. In its classic form, Islamic legal theory was marked by its commitment to pluralism and the centrality of human agency in Islamic jurisprudence. Yet in contemporary Malaysia, lay Muslims tend to understand Islamic law as being purely divine, with a single “correct” answer to any given question.

4. Library Resource

   

   Constructing Rights

   Indigenous Peoples at the Public Hearings of the National Inquiry into Customary Rights to Land in Sabah, Malaysia

   Publication évaluée par des pairs

   novembre, 2013

   Malaisie

   Droits fonciers collectifs

   développement

   territoire indigène

   droit foncier

   droits d' usage

   droit foncier coutumier

   droits fonciers des peuples autochtones

   régime coutumier

   Peuples Autochtones

   Malaysia has declared its vision of developed country status by the year 2020. Much has been written about its top-down development approach, its relative economic success and the social as well as environmental costs of such approach. In 2011 and 2012 the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM) set into motion a national inquiry into the status of customary rights to land in the country. As part of the inquiry, a nationwide series of consultations was held over several months in 2012, culminating in formal public hearings in Peninsular Malyasia, Sarawak and Sabah.

5. Library Resource

   

   Land privatization in urban Mongolia: an observation

   Publication évaluée par des pairs

   décembre, 2013

   Mongolie

   Régime urbain

   urbanisation

   terrains urbains

   propriété foncière

   Propriété privée

   propriété individuelle de la terre

   The land privatization process in Mongolia mainly concerns residential land. The process is considered to perform slowly. The deadline for free allocation of residential land was extended from 2005 to 2013. Still, the number of families that have acquired private landownership during that period is low. This paper aims to take a closer look at the operational process in Ulaanbaatar. The paper finds that, when citizens apply, in a majority of cases the legal deadline to be granted a land-ownership right is actually met.

6. Library Resource

   

   Human Impact and Land Degradation in Mongolia

   Publication évaluée par des pairs

   décembre, 2013

   Mongolie

   Terre et investissements

   Dégradation et Régime des Terres

   Terres, changement climatique et environnement

   Pâturages, terres arides et pastoralisme

   gestion foncière

   changement climatique

   dégradation des terres

   espace pastoral

   gestion de terre agricole

   pâturage

   conservation des terres

   industrie minière

   eau

   investissement foncier

   Climate warming and human actions both have negative impacts on the land cover of Mongolia, and are accelerating land degradation. Anthropogenic factors which intensify the land degradation process include mining, road erosion, overgrazing, agriculture soil erosion, and soil pollution, which all have direct impacts on the environment. In 2009–2010, eroded mining land in Mongolia increased by 3,984.46 ha., with an expansion in surrounding road erosion. By rough estimation, transportation eroded 1.5 million ha. of land.

7. Library Resource

   

   The Orang Asli Customary Land

   Issues and Challenges

   Publication évaluée par des pairs

   décembre, 2013

   Malaisie

   Droits fonciers collectifs

   loi foncière

   droit coutumier

   territoire indigène

   droit foncier

   droit foncier coutumier

   droits fonciers des peuples autochtones

   régime coutumier

   tenure foncière indigène

   Peuples Autochtones

   This paper briefly explains the unique relationships of Orang Asli with the customary land. It further demonstrates the common views that there is a collision between the Orang Asli notion of land ownership and that of the state. In particular the discussion highlights the interpretation of customary tenure under section 4 (2) (a) of the National Land Code, 1965 and it significance with the Orang Asli customary land.

8. Library Resource

   

   Agricultural Land Use in Malaysia: An Historical Overview and Implications for Food Security

   Publication évaluée par des pairs

   janvier, 2013

   Malaisie

   Régime urbain

   politique foncière

   terrains urbains

   utilisation des terres

   gestion de terre agricole

   agriculture

   changement dans l'usage des terrres

   économie foncière

   A study is conducted to describe the historical overview of agricultural land use in Malaysia with the aim of identifying the challenges of agricultural land use in a dynamic economic system. Economic policies were explained with major policies instruments. The effects of these policies on patterns of agricultural land use in 1960–2005 were assessed. Findings identified three broad economic eras in Malaysia: Agricultural (1960-1974); Industrial (1975-1999) and Urbanization eras (2000-date).

9. Library Resource

   

   Land reform and land fragmentation in Central and Eastern Europe

   Publication évaluée par des pairs

   août, 2013

   Europe orientale, Europe occidentale

   Terre et sécurité alimentaire

   administration foncière

   développement durable

   réforme foncière

   agriculture

   remembrement

   propriété foncière

   exploitant agricole

   It has often been stated that land fragmentation and farm structures characterized by small agricultural holdings and farms divided in a large number of parcels have been the side-effect of land reform in Central and Eastern Europe. This article reports the findings of a study of land reform in 25 countries in the region from 1989 and onwards and provides an overview of applied land reform approaches. With a basis in theory on land fragmentation, the linkage between land reform approaches and land fragmentation is explored.

10. Library Resource

    

    Large Scale Land Acquisitions in Mozambique: Ways Forward in ‘Pro-Poor’ and Participatory Land Governance

    Publication évaluée par des pairs

    avril, 2013

    Mozambique

    Droits fonciers collectifs

    Terre et sécurité alimentaire

    gouvernance foncière

    gestion des ressources naturelles

    Gestion foncière durable

    In international debates about land governance, Mozambique is often mentioned as an example of a country with favorable framework for local communities to benefit from landbased investments. However, it is also one of the countries highlighted in land grab debates for being one of the top countries where foreign companies and national elites are acquiring large extensions of land. It is increasingly clear that in spite of the favorable legal framework and pro-poor policies, local communities are under stress.