Semi-nomadic yak herders of Bhutan depend on high altitude rangelands and yaks for their livelihoods. Conflicts over high altitude rangelands among herders can lead to sub-optimal management with negative impacts on the environment, livelihoods and socio-economic well-being of semi-nomadic yak herders.
Given its seemingly beneficial aspects to socioeconomic development and environmental well-being, the legislative reforms initiated under the Land Act of Bhutan, 2007 have raised so much consternation as well as hope in the minds of the Bhutanese people who either depend on livestock husbandry or leasing out such rights to others with livestock and compensated with payment in cash or kind in the form of livestock products.
ABSTRACED FROM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
Kuchis, as nomads are now usually referred to in Afghanistan, occupy a peculiar place among Afghan communities. They constitute, like many nomadic communities in other countries, a particularly disadvantaged group with respect to many social indicators such as access to education, health or livelihood standards. Although many Kuchis are settling down, a growing and unregulated phenomenon taking place at the outskirts of the major Afghan cities, these indicators are still not improving.
This paper reviews the formal treatment of land rights in Afghanistan over the post-Bonn decade (2002 - 2012). The objective is to document the developments in the recent past to better understand present and possible future trends.
Land is very important natural resource to the human being as it provides the basis for more than 95% of human food. On the broader context, land has many other functions, e.g. provision of biological habitats and physical and connective space; regulation of hydrology and climate; storage of minerals, raw materials and historical/pre-historical records; and as a buffer to control waste and pollution. Expanding human requirements and economic activities are placing ever increasing pressures on land resources, creating competition and conflicts and resulting in suboptimal use of land.
The Afghanistan land sector is plagued by a multitude of problems linked to weak governance, corruption and lack of capacity. There are competing claims to land, widespread conflicts, resultant landlessness and poverty. Other issues are limited availability of undisputed farmland, difficulties in accessing grazing lands and many disputes over pasture lands. These issues are exacerbated by conflicting land ownership systems, insecure land tenure and registration, weak land governance environment and uncertain and incomplete legal frameworks.
There are many options for enhancing food production from fish in managed aquatic systems.The most appropriate technology, however, will vary from place to place, and the conditions under which one technology is prefered over another are still not well defined.
The Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security explicitly mention pastoralists as users of the Guidelines and as targets of capacity building. Despite the historical and often ongoing marginalization of pastoralists, this technical guide has been developed in response to emerging opportunities to support pastoralists and to strengthen their land and resource rights.
Cette publication a été lancée lors du colloque international sur le carbone organique du sol (GSOC) qui s’est tenu au siège de la FAO (Rome, 21-23 mars 2017). Pour les preneurs de décisions et les praticiens, il offre une vue d’ensemble sur les principaux faits et informations scientifiques concernant les connaissances actuelles et les lacunes de savoirs sur le carbone organique du sol.
تشير الخطوط التوجيهية الطوعية بشأن الحوكمة المسؤولة لحيازة الأراضي ومصايد الأسماك والغابات في سياق الأمن الغذائي الوطني بصراحة إلى الرعاة باعتبارهم المستخدمين النهائيين للخطوط التوجيهية والمستهدَفين بمساعي تنمية القدرات. وعلى الرغم من التهميش التاريخي والذي غالباً ما يكون مستمراً للرعويين، تم إعداد هذا الدليل الفني للاستجابة للفرص الناشئة التي من شأنها دعم الرعاة وتعزيز حقوقهم في الأراضي والموارد.
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