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1. Library Resource

   

   Using Commodities as Collateral for Finance (Commodity-Backed Finance)

   Ressources et Outils d'entraînement

   Documents de politique et mémoires

   juin, 2017

   agriculture contractuelle

   In most emerging markets, the lack of acceptable collateral is often cited as a key constraint on the provision of credit to agriculture. Three main types of collateral are typically used to finance agriculture: farmland, equipment, and agricultural commodities. In many economies, however, the ability to use farmland as collateral is hindered by the absence of land titles or by inefficient land markets.

2. Library Resource

   

   Improving City Competitiveness for Economic Development and Job Creation

   Philippines Urbanization Review Policy Notes

   Ressources et Outils d'entraînement

   Documents de politique et mémoires

   mai, 2017

   Philippines, Asie orientale, Océanie

   Régime urbain

   urbanisation

   This policy note presents an analysis of and recommendations on the city competitiveness improvement and is part of a broader Philippines urbanization study. The analysis draws on the competitive city framework which includes four pillars: 1. institutions and regulations; 2. infrastructure and land; 3. skills and innovation; 4. enterprise support and finance. It analyzes factors that constrain city competiveness, the role that city governments can play, and provides policy recommendations based on both the Filipino and international good practices in promoting city competitiveness.

3. Library Resource

   

   Improving Land Administration and Management for Sustainable Urban Development

   Philippines Urbanization Review Policy Notes

   Ressources et Outils d'entraînement

   Documents de politique et mémoires

   mai, 2017

   Philippines, Asie orientale, Océanie

   Régime urbain

   administration foncière

   urbanisation

   utilisation des terres

   aménagement du territoire

   This policy note assesses the performance of existing land administration and management (LAM) system in the Philippines in creating an environment for competitive cities. It looks at the influence of LAM (including property rights) in the proper functioning of land markets in urban areas; the effectiveness of land use planning and regulations in shaping urban growth, reducing informality, and improving efficiency in use of space; and the impacts of property valuation and taxation practices in generating revenues to finance local development plans.

4. Library Resource

   

   Strengthening Institutions for Urban and Metropolitan Management and Service Delivery

   Philippines Urbanization Review Policy Notes

   Ressources et Outils d'entraînement

   Documents de politique et mémoires

   mai, 2017

   Philippines, Asie orientale, Océanie

   Régime urbain

   urbanisation

   décentralisation

   This policy note discusses strengthening institutions for urban and metropolitan management and service delivery and is part of a broader Philippines urbanization study. Strong institutions are critical to the effective management of cities, the delivery of efficient urban services and infrastructure, and the establishment of an enabling environment for business and job creation.

5. Library Resource

   

   State of Knowledge on Climate Change, Water, and Economics

   Rapports et recherches

   Ressources et Outils d'entraînement

   Documents de politique et mémoires

   avril, 2017

   Terres, changement climatique et environnement

   changement climatique

   pêches

   The current state of knowledge on climate change and water points to predominantly negative effects. This paper reviews the literature on these effects by geographical region and notes the differences as well as the uncertainties. An important feature is the fact that the climate effects will occur on top of water scarcity that currently prevails in many parts of the world. The impact of climate change on scarcity is present but generally small compared to the impact of the socioeconomic factors.