The current land administration system in Pakistan aims at land revenue assessment and tax collection for the fiscal purposes. This system is organised or structured on the traditional land registers and cadastral maps in paper formats, and their maintenance is mainly dependent on the hard works of the local land administrator so called “Patwari” at the grass-root level within his jurisdiction.
Wetlands are habitats with temporary or permanent accumulation of water. The degradation and loss of wetlands is more rapid than that for other ecosystems, and wetland-dependent biodiversity in many parts of the world is in continuing and accelerating decline. They have been confirmed to deliver a wide range of critical and important services vital for human well-being.
Access to green and blue water for agriculture is not simply addressed by opposing rainfed and irrigated
agriculture. Indeed, agricultural systems have never been strictly rainfed or irrigated. History of
Mesopotamia teaches us that even if farmers were mastering some irrigation, they were not operating
under full irrigation nor were they cultivating only using rainwater. Between irrigated and rainfed
agricultural, the farmers reality has been that they simply have never grown any crop without water,
The precise estimation of surface runoff from rainfall is critical for water resource management. In the recent past, remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies have been widely used in the estimation of surface runoff from watersheds, and from agricultural fields in particular. This is due to the inherent ability of remote sensing to capture spatial heterogeneity of surface parameters such as land use and land cover. This could lead to better performances of surface runoff simulation models.
Traditionally, the users? organisations at local level are playing an important role for the management of natural resources by organizing the users. The Government of Nepal through its Water Resources Strategy 2002 and National Water Plan 2005 has emphasized a holistic approach in place of sectoral one for natural resources management at sub/basin level based on the principle of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). It envisages the creation of committee at the sub/basin level, which is lacking at present.
This is the first volume on the proceedings of the national conference on ?Water for Food and Environment?, which was held from June 9?11, 2009 at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall (BMICH). The volumes two and three have been produced as separate documents of this report series. In response to a call for abstracts, 81 abstracts were received from government institutes dealing with water resources and agriculture development, also from universities, other freelance researchers and researchers from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
This is the third volume of the proceedings of the national conference on ?Water for Food and Environment?, which was held from June 9 ?11, 2009 at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall (BMICH). The volumes 1 and 2 have been produced as separate documents of this report series. In response to a call for abstracts, 81 abstracts were received from government institutes dealing with water resources and agriculture development, universities, other freelance researchers and researchers from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Irrigation has always played a central role in the agrarian economy of Asia, from supporting famed hydraulic civilizations in the ancient past to spearheading Green Revolution in the 1960s and 1970s,. Asia accounts for 70% of the world?s irrigated area and is home to some of the oldest and largest irrigation schemes. While these irrigation schemes played an important role in ensuring food security for billions of people in the past, their current state of affairs leaves much to be desired.
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