Le diagnostic orienté-action du système national d'innovation agricole au Burkina Faso a été conduit conjointement par la FAO et le Ministère en charge de l'agriculture dans le but d'éclairer l'action politique à court terme tout en proposant un cadre stratégique global et de long terme pour renforcer les capacités des acteurs du système national d'innovation agricole.
Ce numéro de « Regards sur le foncier » reprend une partie des communications présentées lors du séminaire régional sur la gestion foncière locale en Afrique de l’Ouest et à Madagascar, organisé en mars 2023 à Saint-Louis du Sénégal, à l’initiative du Comité technique « Foncier & développement » (CTFD). Ce séminaire a réuni soixante-dix participants, membres d’organisations de la société civile, d’organisations paysannes ou des administrations foncières, et experts-chercheurs, de huit pays d’Afrique (Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinée, Sénégal, Madagascar, Mali, Niger).
Les perturbations climatiques, l’évolution démographique et les sécheresses des dernières décennies, ont contribué à une rupture d’équilibre entre les systèmes de production pastorale et agricole, au détriment des pasteurs. À côté de ce contexte écosystémique, d’autres facteurs viennent aggraver la situation pastorale dans le Sahel, en particulier le rétrécissement de l’espace pastoral, grignoté par l’expansion des terres agricoles.
Key Messages and Recommendations
• Combating desertification and land degradation while mitigating the effects of drought can secure long-term socio-economic benefits for people living in drylands and reduce their vulnerability to climate change.
• Land degradation neutrality (LDN) is an approach that counterbalances the expected loss of productive land with the recovery of degraded areas.
• Land tenure insecurity, especially for women, often prevents farmers from adopting sustainable land management practices
Drylands occupy more than 40% of the world’s land area and are home to some two billion people. This includes a disproportionate number of the world’s poorest people, who live in degraded and severely degraded landscapes. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification states on its website that 12 million hectares are lost annually to desertification and drought, and that more than 1.5 billion people are directly dependent on land that is being degraded, leading to US$42 billion in lost earnings each year.
States of ecological maturity and temporal trends of drylands in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia north of 28 N are reported for 1998–2008. The input data were Normalized Difference Vegetation Index databases and corresponding climate fields, at a spatial resolution of 1 km and a temporal resolution of one month. States convey opposing dynamics of human exploitation and ecological succession. They were identified synchronically for the full period by comparing each location to all other locations in the study area under equivalent aridity.
The Lawra district of the Upper West region was selected as the case study. This study compared crop yields for FMNR and non-FMNR farmers. FMNR farmers are classified as having at least 8 trees per acre, with an average of 13 trees per acre (33 per ha) and a maximum of 40. Non-FMNR farmers are classified as having between 1 and 7 trees per acre, with an average of 5.Qualitative (focus group discussion) and quantitative (household survey) data were collected in April to May 2019. Over 500 households were interviewed in both CIKOD intervention communities and control sites.
Achieving change to address soil erosion has been a global yet elusive goal for decades. Efforts to implement effective solutions have often fallen short due to a lack of sustained, context-appropriate and multi-disciplinary engagement with the problem.
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