The empirical investigation of which risk factorpolitical or financialis the optimal driver of country risk in emerging economies in the twentyfirst century has grown into a significant and volatile issue in recent decades This paper investigates the linkages between political risk and financial risk in four Balkan economies ie Greece Albania Bulgaria and Romania from 1984 Q3 to 2018 Q4 using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag cointegration NARDL and wavelet coherence approaches As a result findings from the links between political risk and financial risk are being used to provide sig
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Library ResourceArticles et Livresjanvier, 2022Grèce, Albanie, Bulgarie, Roumanie, France
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Library ResourceArticles et Livresjanvier, 2022Grèce, Albanie, Bulgarie, Roumanie, France
The empirical investigation of which risk factorpolitical or financialis the optimal driver of country risk in emerging economies in the twentyfirst century has grown into a significant and volatile issue in recent decades This paper investigates the linkages between political risk and financial risk in four Balkan economies ie Greece Albania Bulgaria and Romania from 1984 Q3 to 2018 Q4 using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag cointegration NARDL and wavelet coherence approaches As a result findings from the links between political risk and financial risk are being used to provide sig
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Library Resourcejanvier, 1999Albanie, Europe orientale, Europe
Describes (1) the processes of privatization of land management in selected transition countries and (2) the post-privatization changes in land administration institutions which are being crafted to establish land markets. It begins with the proposition that there are similar land market institutional problems which most "transition" countries are facing, due largely to common experiences in creating command economies during the past 50-80 years and the almost simultaneous decisions of these countries to move toward market political economies in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
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Library ResourceRapports et recherchesdécembre, 2010Serbie, Slovénie, Macédoine du Nord, Slovaquie, Lituanie, Kazakhstan, Turquie, Croatie, Azerbaïdjan, Ukraine, Kirghizistan, Bulgarie, Estonie, Lettonie, Fédération de Russie, Moldova, Bélarus, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Hongrie, Turkménistan, Albanie, Ouzbékistan, Arménie, Pologne, Tadjikistan, Géorgie, Monténégro, République tchèque, Asie, Europe
Настоящее исследование по вопросам управления землепользованием в странах Восточной Европы и Содружества Независимых Государств (СНГ) было подготовлено в качестве основания для обсуждения в ходе региональных консультационных совещаний в рамках разработки Добровольных руководящих принципов ответственного управления режимом владения землей и другими природными ресурсами ФАО. Региональное совещание для Восточной Европы состоялось в Бухаресте 22 24 марта 2010 года. Региональное совещание для стран СНГ будет проведено позже в этом году.
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Library ResourceRapports et recherchesdécembre, 2010Géorgie, Europe, Bulgarie, République tchèque, Hongrie, Moldova, Pologne, Roumanie, Slovaquie, Danemark, Estonie, Finlande, Lettonie, Lituanie, Norvège, Royaume-Uni, Albanie, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Croatie, Italie, Macédoine du Nord, Monténégro, Serbie, Slovénie, Espagne, Allemagne, Pays-Bas, Suisse
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and other development partners are working together with countries to prepare Voluntary Guidelines that will provide practical guidance to states, civil society, the private sector, donors and development specialists on the responsible governance of tenure. By setting out principles and internationally accepted standards for responsible practices, the Voluntary Guidelines will provide a framework and point of reference that stakeholders can use when developing their own policies and actions.
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Library ResourceRapports et recherchesdécembre, 2010États-Unis d'Amérique, Asie, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Tadjikistan, Turkménistan, Ouzbékistan, Arménie, Azerbaïdjan, Géorgie, Europe, Bélarus, Bulgarie, République tchèque, Hongrie, Moldova, Pologne, Fédération de Russie, Slovaquie, Ukraine, Estonie, Lettonie, Lituanie, Albanie, Croatie, Monténégro, Serbie, Slovénie
Land Tenure Working Paper 16 Governance of Land Tenure Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) looks at the land governance situation in the region. It has been prepared to provide a base for discussion for the regional consultation meetings on the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land and other Natural Resources. The objective of the study is to evaluate the current land governance situation in the region and to identify main achievements as well as remaining challenges.
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Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2001Serbie, Slovénie, Macédoine du Nord, Slovaquie, Lituanie, Croatie, Azerbaïdjan, Ukraine, Kirghizistan, Bulgarie, Estonie, Lettonie, Bélarus, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Hongrie, Moldova, Albanie, Arménie, Pologne, Allemagne, Géorgie, Roumanie, République tchèque, Europe
The former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (that is, Europe east of Germany and west of the Urals, but including all of Russia) began a transition to a market economy in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. This paper looks at one aspect of that transition: the transition from state ownership to private ownership of agricultural land and the accompanying transition to a land market for agricultural land.
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Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2002Slovénie, France, Macédoine du Nord, Slovaquie, États-Unis d'Amérique, Suède, Danemark, Bulgarie, Estonie, Lettonie, Canada, République de Corée, Japon, Hongrie, Moldova, Albanie, Italie, Pologne, Inde, République tchèque, Géorgie, Arménie, Grèce, Europe orientale, Asie central
This guide on Rural property tax systems in Central and Eastern Europe has been prepared to support governments in the design and implementation of systems to raise revenues at local levels. An increasing number of countries are introducing policies to decentralize the provision of rural services but very often local levels of government have insufficient funds to carry out these newly decentralized responsibilities. Raising revenues through property taxes on rural land represents one way to improve the capacity of local levels to deliver services.
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