The goal of this paper is to illustrate how INSPIRE can facilitate orientation and advice to calculate the water requirements of crops. These technologies can provide information adapted to specific conditions, updated daily and in an interactive way. These tools permit the integration and management of georeferenced agroclimatic data, soil maps, quality of waters, crop information and technical parameters of a farm.
Uncertainties in agricultural activities due to the scarcity of water and the increase in droughts could be ameliorated by considering early detection and spatio-temporal characterization of water stress conditions at a regional scale from remote sensing. Theoretical aspects of the spatio-temporal assessment of vegetation indexes related with soil moisture, based on remote sensing and meteorological data are presented.
ILWIS for Windows is a Windows-based, integrated GIS and Remote Sensing application consisting of: (i) Display of raster and multiple vector maps in map windows; (ii) Display of tables in table windows; (iii) Interactive retrieval of attribute information, (iv) Image processing facilities, (v) Manipulation of maps in a Map Calculator; (vi) Manipulation of tables in a Table Calculator; (vii) GIS analysis tools and (viii) Script language to perform \'batch\' jobs. With Windows, you can start one operation and keep it running while you start one or more additional applications.
In the evaluation of the onset, severity and duration of situations of water stress and droughts, indicators based on processes with intensive use of remote sensing can be used. In the monitoring of agricultural activities as well as the management of water and forest resources, spatio-temporal distributions of information of actual evapotranspiration (ETact) are crucial. This work presents the theoretical aspects of spatio- temporal assessment of ETact process, from remote sensing and meteorological data.
The encroachment of woody species in natural grasslands has recently increased, especially in arid and semi-arid environments. In the Mediterranean region, this is mainly attributed to the dramatic decrease of the traditional human activities such as pastoral management and fuelwood collection, which controlled the encroachment of woody species. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Juniperus oxycedrus encroachment on herbage production and floristic diversity in a natural grassland.
Ranching generally causes a progressive deforestation. Nevertheless in Mediterranean countries trees are still present in many pastoral systems, here referred to as silvopastoral systems (SPs). Trees provide products as fruits as human food, fruits or leaves as fodder, wood and firewood, environmental services like patches of soil fertility and shelter for animals, and environmental goods such as carbon sequestration, water yield and quality and reinforced biodiversity.
Portugal has voluntarily committed to reporting the CO2 emissions and removals resulting from grassland management under Kyoto Protocol Article 3.4. This commitment, together with the fact that a significant proportion of grasslands in Portugal are of low productivity and are located in the regions with higher risk of desertification, brought the context and motivation to promote the expansion of permanent sown biodiverse rich in legumes.
The potential of remote sensing for the recommendation and monitoring of irrigation practices is irrefutable. GIS have enabled the development of operational spatio-temporal tools for monitoring agricultural activity which can overcome the uncertainty brought about by problems related to water scarcity and increasing drought events. This paper presents an operational methodology for estimating actual evapotranspiration from Landsat images, and its application in the Region of Murcia (Spain).
In Cantabrian Mountains (N Spain), summer pastures are mostly utilized for beef cattle production. This work aimed to study cow and calf performance of two local breeds, Asturiana de los Valles (AV) and Asturiana de la Montaña (AM), grazing at different pasture mixtures from June to October. Data were recorded from 1995 to 2013 in a high mountain area, which was divided in two plots of 30 ha each: one with 70 per cent grassland and 30 per cent Calluna-heathland cover (C30), and another with 30 per cent grassland and 70 per cent heathland cover (C70).
A study was conducted to track a group of grazing cows by GPS-GPRS technology. GPS devices were placed in the neck of 3 non-gestating and non-lactating Morucha cows (averaged 8 years old). The GPS units emitted data regarding animal position every 10 minutes for a period of 28 days in which the animals could range freely in the experimental farm. Data were processed using the appropriate software to generate parameters related to animals’ activity, such as velocity of movement or estimated grazing area.
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