Résultats de la recherche | Land Portal

Résultats de la recherche

Showing items 1 through 9 of 47.
  1. Library Resource
    Articles et Livres
    décembre, 2016
    Amérique septentrionale

    The most important land and water issues facing North America and the world – including land‐use patterns, water management, biodiversity protection, and climate adaptation – require innovative governance arrangements. Most of these issues need to be addressed at several scales simultaneously, ranging from local to global. They require action at the scale of large landscapes given that the geographic scope of the issues often transcends the legal and geographic reach of existing jurisdictions and institutions.

  2. Library Resource
    Articles et Livres
    décembre, 2013

    Understanding ecosystem resilience to human impacts is critical for conservation and restoration. The large‐scale die‐off of New England salt marshes was triggered by overfishing and resulted from decades of runaway crab grazing. In 2009, however, cordgrass began to recover, decreasing die‐off ∼40% by 2010. We used surveys and experiments to test whether plant–substrate feedbacks underlie marsh resilience. Initially, grazer‐generated die‐off swept through the cordgrass, creating exposed, stressful peat banks that inhibited plant growth.

  3. Library Resource
    Articles et Livres
    décembre, 2015

    We believe that conservation practice is sometimes inhibited by misguided respect for the cultural background in which conservation problems occur. This respect may be rooted in a philosophical standpoint asserting that culturally distinct values cannot be objectively judged against one another, and that those values are therefore equally valid. Here we consider the influence of this school of thought, known as “moral relativism”, in the context of the moral basis for biodiversity conservation as it is currently understood.

  4. Library Resource
    Articles et Livres
    décembre, 2009

    Phenology is the study of recurring life‐cycle events, classic examples being the flowering of plants and animal migration. Phenological responses are increasingly relevant for addressing applied environmental issues. Yet, challenges remain with respect to spanning scales of observation, integrating observations across taxa, and modeling phenological sequences to enable ecological forecasts in light of future climate change.

  5. Library Resource
    Articles et Livres
    décembre, 2013

    Ecosystems around the world are already threatened by land‐use and land‐cover change, extraction of natural resources, biological disturbances, and pollution. These environmental stressors have been the primary source of ecosystem degradation to date, and climate change is now exacerbating some of their effects. Ecosystems already under stress are likely to have more rapid and acute reactions to climate change; it is therefore useful to understand how multiple stresses will interact, especially as the magnitude of climate change increases.

  6. Library Resource
    Articles et Livres
    décembre, 2010

    Spatially organized distribution patterns of species and communities are shaped by both autogenic processes (neutral mechanism theory) and exogenous processes (niche theory). In the latter, environmental variables that are themselves spatially organized induce spatial structure in the response variables. The relative importance of these processes has not yet been investigated in urban habitats.

  7. Library Resource
    Articles et Livres
    décembre, 2008
    Afrique du Sud, Nouvelle-Zélande, Afrique australe

    Provision of clean freshwater is an essential ecosystem service that is under increasing pressure worldwide from a variety of conflicting demands. Water yields differ in relation to land‐cover type. Successful resource management therefore requires accurate information on yields from alternative vegetation types to adequately address concerns regarding water production. Of particular importance are upper watersheds/catchments, regardless of where water is extracted.

  8. Library Resource
    Articles et Livres
    décembre, 1995
    Zambie, Afrique

    Wildlife resources under the protective custodianship of skilled managers can thrive and sustain important revenues. Such custodianship is generally lacking among communal rural societies in Africa because of land use policies that overlook the capacity and the practical importance of actively engaging these societies in wildlife management. In Zambia participation by local village communities in this management is recognized as a prerequisite for wildlife development and conservation.

  9. Library Resource
    Articles et Livres
    décembre, 2013
    États-Unis d'Amérique

    Although recent climatic warming has markedly increased fire activity in many biomes, this trend is spatially heterogeneous. Understanding the patterns and controls of this heterogeneity is important for anticipating future fire regime shifts at regional scales and for developing land management policies. To assess climatic and land cover controls on boreal forest fire regimes, we conducted macroscopic‐charcoal analysis of sediment cores and GIS analysis of landscape variation in south‐central Alaska, USA.

  10. Library Resource
    Articles et Livres
    décembre, 2009

    The valuation of ecosystem services can play an important role in conservation planning and ecosystem‐based management. Unfortunately, gathering primary, site‐specific data is costly. As a result, a popular alternate method is to conduct a “benefit transfer” (applying economic value estimates from one location to a similar site in another location). Among the potential pitfalls of such an approach, the correspondence (or lack thereof) between the locations is probably the most important for evaluating the probable validity of the benefit transfer.

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