The conference is aimed at dissemination of scientific research results, sharing of experience, improvement of foreign language and cross - cultural communication skills, and establishing of international contacts.
In the scope of the European Union water initiative for developing countries, the research programme RIVERTWIN (A Regional Model for Integrated Water Management in Twinned River Basins) was initiated for three river basins, Neckar in Germany, Ouémé in Benin Republic and Chirchik in Uzbekistan. Our contribution to development of the model at regional level was the establishment of a Soil and Land Resources Information System for the Ouémé basin (SLISYS-Ouémé). The objective of the SLISYS was to provide information about soil, climate and land use in the Ouémé basin.
Central Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions on the planet earth to global climate change, depending on very fragile natural resources. The Soviet legacy has left the five countries (Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) with a highly integrated system but they are facing great challenges with tensions that hinder regional coordination of food and water resources.
During the past two decades agrarian (‘land and farm’) reforms have been widespread in the transition economies of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA), following earlier ones in Asia (China and Vietnam). However, independent family farms did not become the predominant sector in most of Eastern Europe. A new dual (or bi-modal) agrarian structure emerged, consisting of large farm enterprises (with much less social functions than they had before), and very small peasant farms or subsidiary plots.
Over fifteen years have elapsed since the transition from the centrally plannedeconomic system started in the early 1990’s. During this time agricultural andrural areas of Central and Eastern Europe have undergone profound structuralchanges with wide variations in the degree of transformation and in the rate ofsuccess in creating a competitive market and private ownership based food andagricultural system. By becoming member of the European Union the "transition"in its traditional interpretation has been concluded in ten of the Central EastEuropean countries.
The paper provides an overview of the institutional arrangements on the micro level that haveevolved in the agro-food sector of Kazakhstan in the course of transition. Emphasis is laid onmore complex arrangements like "agroholdings" and "clusters", hitherto mostly unknown in theagro-food sectors of established market economies. It is shown that "agroholdings" are concentratedmainly in the northern part of Kazakhstan and to a large extent in the grain sector, whilein the south a scattered small scale (individual) farm structure has emerged.
The article discusses the basic concepts of sustainable land use. The analysis of land use in Kazakhstan for sustainable land use in the formation of the economy was carried out, the economic foundations of a balanced land use were defined as well as the ways for their implementation were identified. The analysis of changes in the areas of land of different categories during the period between the years 1991 and 2015 was carried out. It was established that sharply decreased the area of agricultural land, and greatly increased the areas of reserve land, human settlements and woodland.
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