Humans have fundamentally altered global patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Surprisingly, existing systems for representing these global patterns, including biome classifications, either ignore humans altogether or simplify human influence into, at most, four categories. Here, we present the first characterization of terrestrial biomes based on global patterns of sustained, direct human interaction with ecosystems. Eighteen âanthropogenic biomesâ were identified through empirical analysis of global population, land use, and land cover.
Résultats de la recherche
Showing items 1 through 9 of 47.-
Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2008
-
Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2014
The frequency and extent of humanâinduced landâcover changes is escalating worldwide. Recurrent turnover of landâcover types will affect ecosystems over and above major, oneâtime changes (eg deforestation). Here, we show how a deeper appreciation of the temporal dynamics of landâcover change is needed to understand its effects on ecosystems.
-
Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2006Chine
Since China's economic reform in the late 1970s, Shanghai, the country's largest and most modern city, has experienced rapid expansion and urbanization. Here, we explore its landâuse and landâcover changes, focusing on the impacts of the urbanization process on air and water quality, local climate, and biodiversity. Over the past 30 years, Shanghai's urban area and green land (eg urban parks, street trees, lawns) have increased dramatically, at the expense of cropland.
-
Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 1991
Ecological risk assessments are used by policy makers and regulatory agencies for balancing and comparing ecological risks associated with environmental hazards. An approach for regionalâscale ecological risk assessment is described and demonstrated by modeling environmental risks associated with elevated ozone in a forested region. The demonstration illustrates (1) how a regionalâscale risk assessment might be done, (2) the importance of spatial characteristics in considering regionalâscale risk, and (3) the necessity of considering terrestrial and aquatic linkages.
-
Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2009
The opportunity exists to improve intensively managed landscapes (urban and agricultural areas dominated by human activities) through greater engagement of ecologists in the process of ecological landscape design. This approach encourages exploration of multifunctional solutions to meet the needs of growing populations in many areas around the world, while minimizing the negative impacts of human activities on the environment. This is achieved by incorporating theoretical and applied principles from the fields of landscape ecology, agroecology, and ecological design.
-
Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2012
As natural resource management and conservation goals expand and evolve, practitioners and policy makers are increasingly seeking options that optimize benefits among multiple, often contradictory objectives. Here, we describe a simple approach for quantifying the consequences of alternative management options in terms of benefits and tradeâoffs among multiple objectives.
-
Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2014Suisse
The installation of green roofs, defined here as rooftops with a shallow soil cover and extensive vegetation, has been proposed as a possible measure to mitigate the loss of green space caused by the steady growth of cities. However, the effectiveness of green roofs in supporting arthropod communities, and the extent to which they facilitate connectivity of these communities within the urban environment is currently largely unknown.
-
Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2010
Many carbon dioxide (COâ) emissionâreduction strategies currently under consideration rely on terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration to offset substantial proportions of COâ emissions. We estimated C sequestration rates and potential land areas for a diverse array of landâcover changes in the Upper Midwest of the US, a âbest caseâ region for this study because of its relatively modest COâ emissions and the large areas of cropland potentially available for conversion.
-
Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2010États-Unis d'Amérique
What landscapes best represent the land uses and land covers (LU/LC) of the continental United States? Would the set include a cornfield? A forest? A backyard? Combining principles of landscape ecology and computer science, we identified a small set of âexemplar landscapesâ, representing distinct LU/LC pattern types of the conterminous US. We first partitioned the 1992 US National Land Cover Dataset into 193 705 landscapes, and quantified patterns with standard measures of LU/LC composition and configuration.
-
Library ResourceArticles et Livresdécembre, 2015
Spatiotemporal variation in demographic rates can have profound effects for population persistence, especially for dispersalâlimited species living in fragmented landscapes. Longâterm studies of plants in such habitats help with understanding the impacts of fragmentation on population persistence but such studies are rare. In this work, we reanalyzed demographic data from seven years of the shortâlived cactus Opuntia macrorhiza var. macrorhiza at five plots in Boulder, Colorado.
Rechercher dans la bibliothèque foncière
Grâce à notre moteur de recherche robuste, vous pouvez rechercher n'importe quel document parmi les plus de 64 800 ressources hautement conservées dans la bibliothèque du foncier.
Si vous souhaitez avoir un aperçu de ce qui est possible, n'hésitez pas à consulter le guide de recherche.