Chiefly an agricultural society, India has a strong linkage between land and social status of an individual. Nearly 70 % of its population dependent on land, either as farmers or farm laborers and it is imperative to address the issues of land ensuring livelihood, dignity and food security to millions of Indians. Land reform was a major policy initiative in the country in 1950s and early 1960s.
This article was published in a book International Law and Indigenous Peoples edited by J. Castellino & N. Walsh.
An Act to provide for the abolition of all the rights, title and interest in land of intermediaries by whatever name known, including the mortgagees and lessees of such interest, between the raiyat and the State of Odisha, for vesting in the said State of the said right, title and interest and to make provision for other matter connected therewith.
The Governor of Orissa in exercise of the powers conferred under sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 5 of the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India has promulgated this regulation to Control and Check Transfers of Immovable Property in the Scheduled Areas of the State of Odisha by Scheduled Tribes (ST). Any transfer of immovable property by a member of a ST to non-STs, except by way of mortgage in any public financial institution for securing a loan granted by such institution for any agricultural purpose, shall be absolutely null and void.
An Act to deal with the settlement of Government Land in the State of Odisha. It is enacted as a general legislation formulating a set of uniform principles regarding lease of Government waste lands with the primary objective of governing the settlement of waste lands in a planned manner uniformly throughout the State.
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India enacted the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, a tribal friendly legislation to address the historical injustice and critical issues, pertaining to the forest rights deprivation of the Forest Dwellers. To facilitate its implementation, FRA Rules, 2008 was framed and then made amendment to the Rules in 2012. However, several constraining factors and issues came to the notice in the implementation process of the Act in letter and spirit.
The statistical profile is a comprehensive statistical profile of Scheduled Tribes (otherwise called indigenous people), produced and published by Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India. The profile presents information relating to some key characteristics pertaining to STs like trend analysis of demographic profile, education, health, and employment status along with their proportions having basic amenities like, drinking water, electricity, and bank account etc.
This Hindu Succession Act Amendment made in 2005 was to grant, among others, rights to women to inherit agricultural land of the parents and husband. Under this amendment the daughters, including married daughters, are coparceners in joint family property, with the same birth right as sons, to share, claim partition, and (by presumption) to become karta (managers), while also sharing the liabilities. This would be applicable for Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains religious communities of India.
A legislation to amend and codify the law relating to intestate succession among Hindus. It deal with issues related to coparcenary property, interest in the property of a tarwad, tavazhi, kutumba, kavaru or illom, rules of succession in the case of males, succession among heirs, distribution of property among heirs in class I of the Schedule.
An Act to deal with undertaking survey and settlement operations in the State by adopting modern technology to minimize the time span without compromising the quality, transparency and grievance redressal and related matters.
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