New Zealand’s success in raising agricultural productivity has been accompanied by higher input use, leading to adverse effects on the environment. Until recently, analysis of farm performance has tended to ignore such negative externalities. The current emphasis on environmental issues has led dairy farmers to target improvements in both environmental performance and productivity. Therefore measuring the environmental performance of farms and integrating this information into farm productivity calculations should assist informed policy decisions which promote sustainable development.
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Showing items 1 through 9 of 170.-
Library ResourceDocuments et rapports de conférenceaoût, 2009Nouvelle-Zélande
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Library ResourceDocuments et rapports de conférencedécembre, 2009Viet Nam
This paper examines the efficiency and welfare impact of landholdings in rural Vietnam. We utilize panel data set from field surveys which have been carried out from 1997 to 2007 in Red River Delta and Mekong Delta.We find no support for the hypothesis that small farmers in the north survey area have an advantage of efficiency in rice production. Since, although we confirm the inverse relationship between the land productivity and farm size, the average costs have increased rapidly as farm size have decreased.
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Library ResourceDocuments et rapports de conférencedécembre, 2009Chine
China’s economic reforms make the farmers face the risk of land reallocation and adjustment, raising the questions about the impact of land reallocation on farm productivity and efficiency. Deep understanding what determines land reallocation, whether and to what extent farm productivity and efficiency are affected by the frequency of land reallocation could help policy makers introduce better targeted rural development policies.
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Library ResourceDocuments et rapports de conférencedécembre, 2009États-Unis d'Amérique, Philippines, Malaisie, Chine, Indonésie, Australie, Canada, Thaïlande, Nouvelle-Zélande
The emerging biofuel sector has drawn great interest as an alternative source of fuel for transportation. The expansion of biofuels greatly impacts world agricultural markets, since currently, the primary feedstocks for ethanol and biodiesel production are field crops and their derived products. There is great interest in the potential of countries to expand their biofuel sectors through increased production of feedstocks. The long-term potential for developing first-generation biofuels in many countries depends on a large and constant supply of feedstocks.
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Library ResourceDocuments et rapports de conférencedécembre, 2009Ukraine
This paper analyses costs and benefits of planting trees on marginal lands across forestry zones in Ukraine with the purpose of using them for timber production, erosion prevention and climate change mitigation. The research reveals that establishment of new forests to increase timber production and alleviate soil erosion is economically and environmentally justified in some regions. Incorporating the effects of afforestation through on climate change mitigation increases social benefits.
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Library ResourceDocuments et rapports de conférencedécembre, 2009
Since the early 1990s, there has been a growing interest in the potential contribution of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection to global trade and investment. However, there is an ongoing debate among analysts regarding the extent to which stronger IPR actually stimulate international transactions via transfer of technology. This paper addresses this issue by evaluating how foreign intellectual property rights (IPR) protection affects how U.S. firms serve overseas markets through exports and foreign direct investment (FDI).
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Library ResourceDocuments et rapports de conférenceaoût, 2009Nouvelle-Zélande
The Agriculture Research Group on Sustainability (ARGOS) monitors a wide ange of environmental, social, economic and management parameters on matched cohorts of organic, conventional and integrated farms in the sheep/beef and kiwifruit sectors. Over six years significant differences have been found in farm costs and revenues between management systems, but few differences have been identified between management systems in “bottom-line” indicators of profitability, and there is greater variability within cohorts than between them.
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Library ResourceDocuments et rapports de conférencedécembre, 2009
This study examines the economic potential of producing a wheat (Triticum aesitivum) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) rotation with three different tillage strategies compared to the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in a semi-arid region. This research uses stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) to determine the preferred management strategies under various risk preferences and utility-weighted certainty equivalent risk premiums.
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Library ResourceDocuments et rapports de conférencedécembre, 2009Brésil, Afrique, Amérique du Sud
There is widespread recognition that forestry carbon credits can reduce the net emissions of carbon into the atmosphere. Designing systems to sequester carbon, however, has proven difficult due to a number of efficiency issues, including leakage. Leakage occurs when policy makers develop carbon projects in specific places which protect some parcels of land, but leave other parcels of land unprotected. This analysis uses a newly developed model of global land use change from an established forestry and land use model, described in Sohngen et al.
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Library ResourceDocuments et rapports de conférencedécembre, 2009Allemagne
In Germany agricultural land use is very heterogeneous with respect to management orientation and productivity even at local level. Also the rate of structural change shows a wide variation. While for a limited number of factors (e.g. farm size) a stable relation to structural change could be widely confirmed for different parts of Germany, the results for other indicators are contradictory. This holds especially for indicators describing to the marginality of a site. Many concerns related to structural change and development of land use intensity, e.g.
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