[1] FAO, “Myanmar at a glance”, http://www.fao.org/myanmar/fao-in-myanmar/myanmar/en/.
[2] World Bank, World Development Indicators, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS.
[3] Scurrah N, Hirsch P, and Woods K, The Political Economy of Land Governance in Myanmar (Vientiane: Mekong Region Land Governance Project, 2015), pp. 4, 7.
[4] Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008), Article 37.
[5] Peel M, “The Great Land Rush: Myanmar: The dispossessed”, Financial Times Investigations, 1 March 2016. https://ig.ft.com/sites/land-rush-investment/myanmar/.
[6] Nixon H, Joelene C, Kyi Pyar Chit Saw, Thet Aung Lynn, and Arnold M, State and Region Governments in Myanmar (Yangon: Myanmar Development Research Institute, CESD, and Asia Foundation, 2013).
[7] Karen National Union Land Policy. March 2014. http://www.eprpinformation.org/files/searching-for-solutions/natural-res....
[8] Wells-Dang A, Nyi Soe K, Inthakoun L, Tola P, Socheat P, Nguyen TTV, Chabada A, and Youttananukorn W, “A Political Economy of Environmental Impact Assessment in the Mekong Region,” Water Alternatives 9:1 (2016): 37, 39.
[9] Aguirre D, “A Sound Basis for Land Reform”, Frontier Myanmar, 19 February 2016. http://frontiermyanmar.net/en/sound-basis-land-reform.
[10] Obendorf R, “Legal Review of Recently Enacted Farmland Law and Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Lands Management Law: Improving the Legal & Policy Frameworks Relating to Land Management in Myanmar” (Yangon: Food Security Working Group - Land Core Group, 2012). http://www.forest-trends.org/documents/files/doc_3274.pdf.
[11] Baver J, Jonveaux B, Ju R, Kitamura K, Sharma P, Wade L, and Yasui S, Securing Livelihoods and Land Tenure in Rural Myanmar (New York: UN Habitat and Columbia University, 2013), 75-77. https://sipa.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/UN-HABITAT%20Final%20Repor...
[12] Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT), “Land”, http://www.lift-fund.org/land.
[13] Republic of the Union of Myanmar, National Land Use Policy (2016), especially Chapter 1 (Objectives) and Chapter 3 (Basic Principles).
[14] Ethnic Community Development Forum, no date, http://ecdfburma.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=248:co....
[15] Aguirre, “A Sound Basis for Land Reform”.
[16] The Irrawaddy, “New Bodies Formed on Land Disputes, Other Pressing Matters”, 9 May 2016. http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/new-bodies-formed-on-land-disputes-other-....
[17] Scurrah et al, The Political Economy of Land Governance, 22.
[18] Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Social Studies. Partner profile:Land Core Group – Myanmar. http://www.iss.nl/research/research_programmes/political_economy_of_reso....
[19] LIFT, “Land”.
[20] Scurrah et al, The Political Economy of Land Governance, 15.
[21] Boutry M, Allaverdian C, Mellac M, San Thein, and Tin Myo Win, Land tenure in rural lowland Myanmar: Understanding rural issues to engage comprehensive policy dialogue in Myanmar (draft report, GRET, 2015), 143-144.
[22] Srinivas S and U Saw Hlaing, Myanmar: Land Tenure Issues and the Impact on Rural Development (UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 2015), 35. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs21/FAO-2015-05-Myanmar-land_tenure&rural....
[23] Baver et al, Securing Livelihoods and Land Tenure, 16.
[24] Scurrah et al, The Political Economy of Land Governance, 16.
[25] National Land Use Policy, Article 64.
[26] Ibid., Articles 16(e) and 17(b).
[27] http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/nr/land_tenure/OPEN_TENURE.pdf.
[28] USAID, “Burma Draft National Land Use Policy Open for Public Consultations”, 17 November 2014. http://www.usaidlandtenure.net/commentary/2014/11/burma-draft-national-l....
[29] Bern University Center for Development and Environment, “OneMap Myanmar: New CDE project launched”, 8 July 2015. https://cdeweb4.unibe.ch/Pages/News/149/OneMap-Myanmar-New-CDE-project-l....
[30] Baver et al, Securing Livelihoods and Land Tenure, 86-7.
[31] Land Acquisition Act (1894), Part 2.4(1).
[32] Srinivas and Hlaing, Land Tenure Issues, 43; Land Core Group data obtained from Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. Nearly two-thirds of land concessions from 2010-13 were made in three states/regions (Tanintharyi, Kachin, and Sagain).
[33] The zones are Thilawa (near Yangon), Dawei (in Tanintharyi Region), and Kyaukphyu (Rakhine State).
[34] Myat Nyein Aye, “NLD to Scrutinise Special Economic Zones”, Myanmar Times, 1 March 2016. http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/19240-nld-to-scrutinise-specia....
[35] Scurrah et al, The Political Economy of Land Governance, 8.
[36] Woods K, Commercial Agriculture Expansion in Myanmar: Links to Deforestation, Conversion Timber and Land Conflicts (Forest Trends and DFID, 2015), vi, xi. http://forest-trends.org/releases/uploads/Conversion_Timber_in_Myanmar.pdf.
[37] Buchanan J, Kramer T, and Woods K, Developing Disparity: Regional Investment in Burma’s Borderlands (Amsterdam: Transnational Institute and Burma Centre Netherlands, 2015). https://www.tni.org/files/download/tni-2013-burmasborderlands-def-klein-....
[38] Aguirre, “A Sound Basis for Land Reform”.
[39] Geneva Call, Humanitarian Impact of Landmines in Burma/Myanmar (2011), p. 9; Mine Free Myanmar, “Landmine Monitor country report on Myanmar/Burma released in Yangon”, 22 November 2015, http://burmamineban.demilitarization.net/?p=659.
[40] Landmine & Cluster Munition Monitor, “Myanmar_Burma Mine Action”, 3 November 2015. http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2015/myanmar_burma/mine-action.....
[41] Peel, “The Great Land Rush: Myanmar: The dispossessed”, Financial Times.
[42] Scurrah et al, The Political Economy of Land Governance, 18.
[43] Baver et al, Securing Livelihoods and Land Tenure, 89.
[44] Partner Asia. http://partnersasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Land-and-Law-in-Myanm...