Land governance by country

Located in Central Africa, Gabon has some rather unique characteristics in terms of land tenure. It is indeed one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world, one of the most urbanized and one of the richest in forests. Gabon's economy is mainly based on the exploitation of natural resources, notably oil, mining and timber. These activities occupy the vast majority of the territory. In 2022, Gabon was the most prosperous country in Africa with a high human development index.

Mexico is characterized by decentralized land governance. Most of the population lives in urban areas, although highly concentrated in a few cities, and about 21% live in rural areas. The ejidos and agrarian communities-both forms of communal land ownership-that emerged from the Mexican Revolution continue to significantly shape land governance in Mexico today.

The Republic of Paraguay is a country of water and land. Water defines both its name - the "river of the payaguas" - and its geography - 70% of its borders with Argentina, Brazil and Bolivia are rivers. Land, as a mainly agricultural country, is its main capital. With a total area of 406,752 km², the country is divided into two physiographic regions: the Western or Chaco, which represents 60% of the area and where only 2% of the population lives. And the Eastern region, where most of the economic activity, agriculture, livestock and forestry extraction takes place. The first is a plain and the second is composed of sierras and mountain ranges.

Bolivia is one of the 16 megadiverse countries on the planet, which has given it diverse eco-regions. The evolution of the land situation in the country, closely connected to the demands of the indigenous population, reached unprecedented levels in the region culminating in the transformation of Bolivia into a plurinational state in 2009 with 36 recognized nations.