Land governance by country | Land Portal

Explore land rights and governance issues using the filters below, and browse our collection of 60+ country portfolios developed in collaboration with local researchers from around the world.

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Featured country portfolios

With a surface area of 56,790 km², Togo is one of the smallest countries on the African continent. Although land legislation is still influenced by the colonial legacy, one of the distinctive features of the Togolese system is the recognition of customary rights. Unlike other African cities, the inhabitants of the capital Lomé gained access to property very early on. Although Togo has one of the highest rates of agricultural expansion in West Africa, large-scale land acquisitions are a marginal phenomenon and plantation farming remains dominated by smallholders.
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Aerial view north of Posa del Nance, Sipacte, Escuintla photo by UNDP Guatemala 	Attribution-NonComm

In the indigenous Náhualt language, Guatemala means land of many trees. Today, the country retains its predominantly rural character, occupying most of its 108,888 km2 . Located in Central America, it borders Mexico, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador, and its coasts are washed by the Caribbean Sea in the east and the Pacific Ocean in the west. Known as the cradle of Mayan culture, 43% of the population self-identifies as indigenous, belonging to the Mayan, Xinca and Garifuna peoples. Although it should be noted that this percentage, based on self-identification, could be questioned considering that discriminatory policies caused many indigenous people to assimilate as "ladinos". Despite being considered the largest economy in Central America, poverty and inequality rates are among the highest in the region and particularly affect the rural and indigenous majority. 

Gayndah Queensland. A panorama near the town from the local lookout.

The Republic of Paraguay is a country of water and land. Water defines both its name - the "river of the payaguas" - and its geography - 70% of its borders with Argentina, Brazil and Bolivia are rivers. Land, as a mainly agricultural country, is its main capital. With a total area of 406,752 km², the country is divided into two physiographic regions: the Western or Chaco, which represents 60% of the area and where only 2% of the population lives. And the Eastern region, where most of the economic activity, agriculture, livestock and forestry extraction takes place. The first is a plain and the second is composed of sierras and mountain ranges.

Land governance country profile for Guinea

The land issue, closely linked to natural resources, is a major challenge for economic and social development in Guinea. However, various factors contribute to weakening access to land for communities in urban and rural areas. In particular, existing land policies and regulations, which are old, poorly harmonized and not enforced, do not adequately protect the land rights of local populations. The lack of transparency and poor governance of resources by the Guinean state add to the shortcomings of the law.

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