English

Land-based sectors in the Philippines are affected by institutional
weaknesses in various ways, including overlapping and conflicting
policies, laws and programmes, a lack of reform in public land
management and inadequate funding for urban development, disaster
mitigation and climate change. Land governance has thus been given

Discrimination against women and girls carries a high development cost. This
third edition of the SIGI captures and measures gender-based discrimination in social
institutions
− social norms, practices and laws
− across 160 countries. It exposes the
ongoing prevalence of discrimination in all regions of the world and across all cultures

This paper was prepared for presentation at the “2015 World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty” in Washington DC last March 23-27, 2015 by Violeta P. Corral of the National Confederation of Small Farmers and Fishers Organizations (PAKISAMA), Philippines.

Concerns over food insecurity in developing countries are reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030.